Perfecting the pulse of haptics

A warm hug. A friendly handshake. The bump of a stranger’s elbow.

As newborns, touch is the first sense we engage with and, some would argue, it remains the most important throughout our lives. But in a world where people increasingly interact with each other via screens and devices, it’s easy to lose touch with our sense of touch.

“When we use digital technologies, we miss the physical feedback that we get in the real world,” says Hasti Seifi, an assistant professor of computer science and engineering in the School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, part of the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at ASU.

Seifi’s work in the field of haptic technology, or haptics, has earned her a CAREER Award from the National Science Foundation, or NSF. The award provides a five-year grant to support early-career faculty in their promising research pursuits.

Haptics refers to a family of programmable touch technologies that enable devices to provide feedback to our bodies and skin through mechanisms such as vibrations, force and friction. Most people are familiar with touch screens such as those on phones and electronic tablets, as well as vibrations from video-game controllers, but Seifi’s proposed research seeks to help expand and broaden haptic use.

A student demonstrates one of Seifi’s haptic devices, showing how it will interface with a virtual reality headset. Photographer: Erika Gronek/ASU

A helping hand for haptic developers

“My proposal is about democratizing haptic design,” Seifi says.

Her CAREER award will fund research designed to answer three basic questions. How do people describe haptic signals? How do they perceive similar signals? And, finally, how can the process of getting haptic feedback be made faster and more accessible?

Along with both graduate and undergraduate students, Seifi will initially interview subjects from diverse disciplinary backgrounds, including engineering and the arts, to determine how they respond to more than 300 haptic signals. This information will be used to create a language library that designers can tap to make informed development decisions. Her team will later create a set of web-based tools that will help users incorporate haptics into a wide array of applications.

Streamlining the process of making haptic devices is important to Seifi, who explains that many researchers are using processes that rely on a lot of trial and error.

Seifi’s vision of democratizing haptic design involves bringing this technology to all sorts of devices that enrich day-to-day life. She points out that today’s haptic devices, such as phones, rely heavily on visuals, requiring users to look at the screen. However, the use of many devices, such as vehicle navigation systems, could be made much safer if users could receive feedback without having to turn away from the road.

Seifi foresees much wider use of haptics in medical devices, wearables and technology designed to improve accessibility for people with disabilities.

She also says haptics can help improve human connections.

“A lot of times people might live far from their relatives,” she says. “Haptics can help close that distance.”

Seifi is working with students to create a pipeline of talented future haptics developers. Photographer: Erika Gronek/ASU

Award is a promising gesture toward future success

Seifi’s CAREER award is the next step in building her already dynamic portfolio of work. She previously worked with other researchers to develop additional design guidelines for autonomous hugging robots.

“A lot of the work in robotics is focused on automation — such as making things faster and improving performance,” Seifi says. “But hugging has a lot of health benefits.”

Katherine J. Kuchenbecker, director of the Haptic Intelligence Department at the Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems in Stuttgart, Germany, believes that Seifi’s work will have a powerful impact.

“Rather than delighting in the exclusivity of haptics, Dr. Seifi is working to remove those barriers so that a much wider range of people can benefit from and contribute to this field,” Kuchenbecker says. “That is what she calls democratizing haptics.”

In fact, it was ASU’s strength in robotics that led Seifi to call the university her home. After receiving her doctorate from the University of British Columbia and a stint at the University of Copenhagen, she landed in Arizona after inspiring talks with Fulton Schools faculty.

“We’re working hard to foster this type of collaborative environment across the various disciplines in engineering, to become a place where research and education meet,” says Ross Maciejewski, director of the School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence. “Seifi’s work will provide rich learning opportunities for our students even as it creates big strides in haptic technology development.”

Kuchenbecker agrees, adding, “Haptics is an enchanting research topic for specialists, since it blends mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, computer science, and psychology, plus many applications,” she says. But it is only through research like Seifi’s “that haptic feedback will have the societal impact that many people foresee but that has long lagged behind expectations.”

For now, Seifi will continue her efforts to put haptics designers in touch with their future. She says she is excited about the implications the NSF award will have for her future and the prospect of being an expert in the expanding field.

“This grant is supposed to shape the career of a junior faculty member,” she says. “The idea is that, at the end, you are known for that type of research.”